The curious reader's complete guide to the psychology, literature, finance, technology and history of sex, erotica, and the adult industry.
Working Sex : An Odyssey into
Our Cultural Underworld
By Marianne Macy
Armed with intimate details, this study provides an insider's perspective on the sex
industry, opening up the lives of the people who live and work in the
industry--transsexuals, prostitutes, exotic dancers, porn actors, and others--to relate their
amazing experiences in this controversial and lucrative business.
Porn : Myths for the Twentieth Century
Robert J. Stoller
If porn is our publicly consumed sexual fantasy, what will we discover by examining the creators and performers of that fantsy world? In a series of minimally edited interviews Stoller explores the realities and fantasies of workers in the heterosexual "porn" industry. The interviews are great. Stoller sheds a lot of light into an area of study which needs it badly.
Coming Attractions : The Making of an
X-Rated Video
By Robert J. Stoller, I. S. Levine (Contributor)
In this book, Dr. Robert J. Stoller, one of the world`s leading experts on human sexual
behavior, joins with I. S. Levine, a professional writer and director with experience in the
making of X-rated videos, to examine the backgrounds and motivations of the participants
in an adult heterosexual X-rated video, Stairway to Paradise. Their interviews with
performers, writers, directors, producers, and technicians provide unique insights into the
mechanics and aesthetics of this type of video, the psychological make-up of the people
involved, and the legal and moral implications of such films.
Eroticabiz: How Sex Shaped The Internet
Lewis Perdue
Sex shaped the Internet as it exists today. Whether you call it adult content, smut, erotica or pornography; whether you consider it disgusting or titillating, the facts are clear that without business and technical pioneers in the online sex business, the World Wide Web would never have grown so big so quickly. Without consumer demand for big, bandwidth-hogging sex pictures and streaming video, Cisco would never have sold so many routers and Sun Microsystems so many servers. Without programming pioneers trying to perfect video streaming software that would deliver images of copulation and procreation to paying customers hooked up with a 28.8 kbps dial-up modem, it is unlikely that CNN would be effectively delivering news clips of global breaking news. Without sex-oriented chat and forums to sustain its early years, America Online might never have survived. The e-commerce payment systems that are so common today would be in a far more primitive stage of development, security and usability. Indeed, without advertising from sex sites, Yahoo! would be just another Web company with a bloody red bottom line. The first no-holds barred business and technology analysis of the $31 billion-dollar U.S. sex industry and how it has played a pivotal role in shaping the technology, content and economics of the Internet and the Worldwide Web.
1-2-3 Be a Porn Star! A Step-By-Step
Guide to the Adult Sex Industry
By Marianne Macy
Have you ever considered a career in the adult industry? Do you fantasize about getting
paid to enjoy hot sex in exotic locations with beautiful people? The porn world is booming, with over 10,000 new adult videos released every year, but entering this secretive industry
can be a trying experience. 1-2-3 BE A PORN STAR! shows you how to make your
fantasy come true in three easy steps. You'll find out who the right people are, how you
can meet them, and how to land your all-important first job.
A "get rich quick" book with sex as the angle.
Sex Sells : How to Build an Adult Website
By AMD Inc.
Sex Sells: How to Build an Adult Website is a
complete and concise, step-by-step guide to
creating an adult website. You need no prior
knowledge of web design, art, the adult
industry, or the Internet itself. We explain each
step to you. So if you have the desire to
succeed and you know how to read, you have
the potential to earn thousands or more per
month in the adult website business.
Obscene Profits: The Entrepreneurs of
Pornography in the Cyber Age
By Frederick S. Lane
Lane, a lawyer and computer consultant, offers a fascinating and informative look at the
business of pornography and the boost it has gotten from technology. Telephones, VCRs,
computers, and, especially, the Internet have increased privacy and reduced the potential for
public embarrassment and prosecution from existing pornography laws. Web sites featuring
sexual material are the only ones consistently making money, generating more than a billion
dollars in revenue annually.
Pornocopia : Porn, Sex, Technology and
Desire
By Laurence J. O'Toole
Author Laurence O'Toole argues that the expansion of new technologies--video, cable, the
Internet--is substantially changing the status of pornography in society. Covering the
American and British porn scenes, PORNOCOPIA features interviews with porn activists
and police officers and is the first book to seriously consider the role and interest of the porn
viewers and porn fans.
Sex for Sale : Prostitution, Pornography,
and the Sex Industry
By Ronald Weitzer
Money, Sex, Danger and Power, it's all in a
day's work for the typical sex worker. Sex for
Sale provides a window into the world of sex
workers, their customers, and the growing sex
industry--in America and abroad.
A major contribution to our understanding of the
sex industry, Sex for Sale is a collection of
original essays on sex work, its risks, and its
political implications. Covering areas not
commonly researched, the book includes studies
on telephone sex workers, gay pornography,
Nevada's legal brothels, prostitute's customers,
police vice squads, actors in the porn industry,
lap dancing in strip clubs, and street prostitution.
It includes discussion of violence, HIV infection,
and drug addiction, as well as legalization,
commercialization and criminalization.
Prostitution : On Whores, Hustlers, and
Johns
By James Elias (Editor), Vern L. Bullough (Editor),
Veronica Elias (Editor), Joyceline Elders
How did whoring and hustling begin? Can one enjoy the work? Why do people pay for sex?
What is prostitution like in other countries? What is the future of prostitution? This collection
breaks new ground on a sensitive topic by bringing scholars, therapists, and sex workers
together to study not only the profession but those who seek such services.
Tricks and Treats : Sex Workers Write
About Their Clients
By Matt Bernstein Sycamore (Editor)
Explore the insightful-and oftentimes intense-accounts of sex workers who look squarely into
the eyes of their clients, the sex industry, and society as a whole. Tricks and Treats delivers
private stories about homo- and heterosexual encounters that sex workers usually confide
only in each other. Not another "why I became a prostitute" book, it provocatively turns the
tables on the buyers of sex, giving you a window into sex workers' lives. Tricks and Treats
gives you straightforward accounts by sex workers to help you understand the pleasures,
attractions, and truths of this profession.
Tricks and Treats tantalizes with its powerful collection of tales from a diverse group of
male, female, and transgendered sex workers. Their commercial, cultural, emotional, sexual,
(il)legal, and even spiritual relationships with their clients are discussed in intimate detail. You
will explore accounts from streetworkers, escorts, strippers, porn actors, masseurs,
dominatrixes, phone sex operators, an adult-video store clerk, an outreach worker, a sex
educator, and even a sperm donor.
"IF YOU WANT TO KNOW WHAT IT'S LIKE TO BE A WHORE, THIS BOOK
GIVES YOU THE EXPERIENCE. It's so authentic and so well written. . . that I felt like I
was back in the business."
--Annie Sprinkle, Prostitute/Porn Star turned Sex Guru/Artist, Sausalito,
California
Madam--Chronicles of a Nevada
Cathouse
By Lora Shaner
Sex is for sale 24 hours a day, 365 days a year,
in Nevada's legal brothels. Former madam Lora
Shaner takes you into the parlor- and bedrooms-
of Sheri's Ranch, in this compelling account of
the sex-for-money culture.
You'll read about Mary Clair, the nun turned
prostitute; Ellen the errant wife; Coral and
Millie, the happy-hooker tag team; and Alice,
the pro with the heart of gold; as well as the
turn outs, part-timers, sex addicts, and
adventure-seekers, and other ladies of the
house.
You'll also meet the cathouse clientele: Lester
the rodeo rider, who liked to warm up by playing
horsey; Mr. Yamaura, who paid thousands for
three minutes of pleasure; and Golf Guy, who
employed Sheri's girls to help him perfect his
stroke; as well as the hunks, nerds, pimps,
cheapos, professional athletes, and other
customers who ring the brothel doorbell at all
hours.
Madam's piercing character studies and
poignant sketches of day-to-day life in a legal
brothel strip bare the myths about the world's
oldest profession, revealing the hearts and soul
of the women who sell sex-and the men who
buy it.
Before moving to Pahrump, Nevada, and taking
a job at Sheri's Ranch as a full-time madam,
Lora Shaner worked as a civilian public
information officer for the Department of
Defense in El Paso and San Francisco. Now
retired from the brothel life, Shaner owns and operates a small public relations and
advertising business.
Turning Pro: A Guide to Sex Work for
the Ambitious and the Intrigued
By Magdalene Meretrix,
An essential manual for anybody who s ever considered a career as a phone sex
operator, escort, call girl, exotic dancer, adult film performer or any other kind of sex
worker. The actual details of sex work; how to get a job, how to keep yourself safe, how
much you can expect to make, how to plan your exit strategy, and more... as well as
dozens of juicy anecdotes about life is like between the sheets.
Brothel: Mustang Ranch and Its
Women
By Alexa Albert
Perhaps the most prominent legal brothel in Nevada, Mustang Ranch held mythical status
in contemporary Western culture until it was shut down on racketeering charges in 1999.
As a medical student, Albert was granted rare access to this intensely private world in
order to conduct a study on condom use, and lived periodically at Mustang Ranch from 1993 to 1999. Her routine study soon deepened in tandem with her curiosity about the
politics of prostitution and about the prostitutes themselves. In this straightforward
account, she details the brothel regimen (from the women's relative captivity to what
happens during various "parties") and explores the private lives of the women who work
there, as well as those of the "johns" and the workers who service the Ranch.
Yet the
heart of the book lies in Albert's exploration of the sense of family that thrives in the
brothel with all the fractious infighting, competition and camaraderie inherent in any
community. Her short history of the legalization of prostitution in Nevada revolves around
Joe and Sally Conforte who officially owned Mustang Ranch until charges of tax evasion
forced Joe into hiding in South America in 1990 while illuminating the confluence of public
opinion and economic forces that spurred legalization. Acknowledging her own feelings
(which range from disgust to profound respect), Albert convincingly dispels myths about
this mysterious world and provides a strong defense for the legalization of prostitution.
Sex Work : Writings by Women in the
Sex Industry
By Marianne Macy
The original collection of writings by street prostitutes, exotic dancers, nude models,
escorts, porn actresses and workers in massage parlors. These women speak out on sex
work, their work. The chorus of their voices rises above the controversies surrounding
prostitution, pornography, AIDS and sex in the U.S. The authors of this book are the
experts--they testify to the realities of sex work. ³Sex Work takes the discussion away
from the screenwriters and places it firmly within the language of the workers themselves.
Whores and Other Feminists
By Jill Nagle (Editor)
Strippers, peepshow dancers, and porn stars
trade spiked heels for footnotes while
demonstrating their often overlooked ability to
engage in scholarly discourse in this collection
of essays focusing on the subject of feminism
as practiced by those who call themselves "sex
workers." Along with the first-person accounts
by such underground luminaries as Nina
Hartley, Tracy Quan, and Annie Sprinkle, are
forays into the sex dens by a number of
academics. The writing is frank, though hardly
pornographic, and many of the points raised
and discussed are treated with more
seriousness and considerably more insight than
they usually are in the mainstream press.
Global Sex Workers : Rights, Resistance,
and Redefinition
By Kamala Kempadoo (Editor), Jo Doezema (Editor)
Global Sex Workers presents the personal experiences of sex workers around the world.
Drawing on their individual narratives, it explores international struggles to uphold the rights
of this often marginalized group.
Tales from the Clit : A Female Experience
of Pornography
By Cherie Matrix (Editor), Feminists Against
Censorship (Compiler),
"Tales from the Clit" is like a pile of letters from
outrageous friends -- if you choose to be friendly with women who like porn. This book goes into the heads of various women involved in the pornography world, and
explores their good, bad and ambivalent feelings towards porn. The women involved
freely admit that some porn is degrading, while other porn is fantastic.
Skinflicks : The Inside Story of the
X-Rated Video Industry
By David Jennings
The Lusty Lady
By Erika Langley
When Erica Langley approached the female
management of Seattle's Lusty Lady she was
told that to photograph the peep show dancers
she would have to become one. Through
photos and texts that are both candid and
affectionate, humanizing and humorous,
readers see behind the impenetrable armor of
naked dancers, documented by one of their
own. Complete with extensive interviews
which allow the people to speak for
themselves, Langley's work juxtaposes stage
personas with real people, showing the love,
humor and boredom behind the scenes, and
the humanity behind the stigma and shame. 180
photos. .
The Edge of the Bed : How Dirty Pictures
Changed My Life
By Lisa Palac
In the early '90s, after a stint as a senior editor at the groundbreaking lesbian sex journal On
Our Backs, Lisa Palac took charge of a new magazine called Future Sex. Tapping into the
"cyber" ethos that permeated the Bay Area scene--Mondo 2000 was in its ascendancy,
while Wired was still a full year away--the magazine achieved a quick burst of mainstream
notoriety and became a longterm underground icon. But you won't need to don a full-body
cybersex interface to appreciate Palac's The Edge of the Bed.
With disarming honesty and self-deprecating humor, Palac writes about how she began to
gain control of her sexuality. When she found a boyfriend's stash of pornography, her
kneejerk reaction was to tell him that if it didn't go, she would. He managed to convince her
to watch a video with her; that led to another, and another...soon, Palac was renting her own tapes and started writing her own erotic stories.
Although sex-positive feminism can be a powerfully liberating philosophy, Palac does not
sugarcoat the hardships. Not every sexual encounter was wonderful; sometimes there
wasn't even any sex. ("I was a perfect candidate for cybersex," she drolly comments at one
point. "I wasn't getting laid, I liked to masturbate, and I could type.") But the story of Palac's
spiritual and physical awakening and her efforts to maintain honesty and integrity will
continue to inspire long after they've finished titillating--and that's a mighty long time.
Working : My Life As a Prostitute
By Marianne Macy
The candid memoirs of a New York City prostitute. Now in paperback. Dolores French
began her working life as a fund raiser and civil rights activist. At the age of 27, she
decided to become a prostitute. From New York City to the bordellos of Puerto Rico to
Amsterdam's red light district, from courtesan to street walker, French offers an explicit,
sympathetic, and illuminating first-hand account of Working. Dolores French was
appointed to the Mayor's Task Force on Prostitution in Atlanta, Georgia; she was also a
consultant for the Centers for Disease Control's study on prostitution and AIDS.
Observing the Erotic Imagination
By Marianne Macy
Selling Sin
By D. Kirk Davidson
Most products and services are marketed in
positive or at least neutral environments. Not
so with such products as cigarettes, alcoholic
beverages, gambling, pornography, and
firearms. For these particular products the
environment can be actually hostile, and this
poses special problems for marketers. It is
these unusual marketing challenges that Dr.
Davidson explores in this new study. Offering a
unique cross-industry comparison of marketing
tactics, strategies, and hurdles to be overcome
to counter the lack of legitimacy for these
products in the marketplace, his book will be
fascinating reading for marketing, advertising,
and sales professionals, as well as for
academicians and students in these fields.
Readers will gain insights into the difficulties of
marketing these five product categories--why
there is antagonism to these products, how
marketers deal with this antagonism, and what
specific marketing practices lead to increased
social criticism. The study of these problems
leads to a better understanding of the
marketing of any product or service where the
environment is unfriendly.
Bound and Gagged : Pornography and the
Politics of Fantasy in America
By Laura Kipnis
Laura Kipnis, who teaches film at Northwestern University, adopts an unpopular stance: that
of speaking for those whose sexual tendencies stray from the acceptable path. As such, she
adds a different perspective in the always-raging debate on the role of pornography in
America. Among her arguments is that pornography is often overlooked as a class issue,
couched instead almost always as a morality matter. Realizing that many of those employed
by the sex industry and those who support it are separated by class from those who deem it
so unsavory, provides a particular insight into the perspective of those sitting in judgment.
At Home With Pornography : Women,
Sex, and Everyday Life
By Jane Juffer
Hard Core : Power, Pleasure, and the
'Frenzy of the Visible'
By Linda Williams
"Some much-needed thinking about the social function of so-called offensive imagery has
recently begun to come forth, thinking that leaves polemics behind and gets back to basics.
Hard Core is one of the best examples of this development. . . . It is to Ms. Williamss credit
that, while drawing on a wide range of theoretical work from her academic discipline, she
never forgets that the quest for scientia sexualis takes place in an unfilmed, gendered world
where men call most of the shots."
The Secret Museum : Pornography in
Modern Culture
By Walter Kendrick
An engaging, readable, and deeply perceptive
analysis that details the evolution of the idea of
pornography and its attendant and
ever-changing sensibilities over the last two
centuries. [It] patiently attempts to supply a
cultural context for not only pornography but
also the role that sexuality and imagination
themselves play in our lives
The Invention of Pornography,
1500-1800
By Lynn Avery Hunt (Editor)
Ten essays trace the
history and various uses of pornography in early
modern Europe, offering historical perspective
that sheds light on current issues of censorship.
Among the themes is the linking of pornography
as a literary practice with Western modernity
and the democratization of culture.
Feminism and Pornography (Oxford
Readings in Feminism)
By Drucilla Cornell (Editor)
This vibrant collection expands the parameters
of the feminist debate on pornography. In an
effort to move away from the divisive
frameworks in feminist disputes over
pornography, this volume seeks to understand
what pornography means to those who consume
it, fight against it, and work within it. By opening
up a space for divergent points of view to
address the complexity of sexual material, this
book seeks to forge solidarity among academics,
activists, and sex workers from diverse social
and political contexts. Feminism and
Pornography explores a wide range of
contentious issues, including how the meaning of
pornography is shaped by changing historical
and political realities; the role law should play, if
any, in the sex industry; whether union
organizing can change the working conditions in
the sex industry; and how sexually explicit
literature, videos, art, and music can promote
sexual freedom. Contributors include such
influential writers as Alice Walker, Audre
Lorde, bell hooks, Catherine MacKinnon, and
Andrea Dworkin.
Defending Pornography : Free Speech,
Sex, and the Fight for Women's Rights
By Nadine Strossen
Ever since Catherine MacKinnon and Andrea
Dworkin began to call for censoring
pornography under the guise of feminism, their
debaters have focused on how the model
antiporn ordinances they propose would
undermine the First Amendment. Although
ACLU president Strossen also uses
constitutional doctrine to attack the
MacDworkinites, her arguments go beyond
her colleagues' legal advocacy. Her incisive
new book convincingly argues that state
control of obscene publications would subvert
women's rights. According to Strossen, the
claim that women are weakened when viewing
images and words of sexual expression is in
and of itself an "infantilizing stereotype."
She
shows that recent Canadian antiporn legislation
has been used to seize gay, lesbian, and
feminist literature--indeed, to ban Dworkin's
novels!--and she criticizes civil codes that
would make publishers of graphic sexual
material compensate rape victims because such
laws diminish the guilt of actual rapists.
Throughout, Strossen shows why she is one of
the nation's preeminent defenders of free
expression.
She consistently backs her
arguments with thoroughly researched
precedents; better, her lucid style is informed
by a sharp, ironic wit that she supplements with
citations of other feminist authors. One of
these, from Anna Quindlen, succinctly states
the thrust of Strossen's argument: "Silence is
what kept us in our place for too long. If we now silence others, our liberty is false. No
more gag rules--that should be our goal.
Porn 101 : Eroticism Pornography and
the First Amendment
By James Elias (Editor), Veronica Diehl Elias
(Editor), Vern L. Bullough (Editor), Will Jarvis
(Editor)
Some adult writings are contained in this survey of eroticism, pornography and the first
amendment which considers the foundations and debates surrounding sex and porn.
Scholars' writings mingle with those who work in the porn industry from actresses to
directors in this survey of the effects of pornography on audiences and its place in modern
society.
Obscenity and Pornography Decisions of
the United States Supreme Court
By Maureen Harrison (Editor), Steve Gilbert (Editor)
Major obscenity and pornography decisions of the United States Supreme Court, edited
into plain non-legal English for the general adult and young adult reader.
Sex, Laws, and Cyberspace : Freedom
and Censorship on the Frontiers of the
Online Revolution
By Jonathan Wallace, Mark Mangan (Contributor)
A groundbreaking study of the legal issues and
ethical debates surrounding the international
growth of the Internet and commercial online
services. The authors examine the pressure on
the government to regulate this new media,
scrutinize the ongoing battles, and interview
key players in both pro- and anti-regulation
camps. Ultimately, they offer a framework for
a workable regulatory compromise in the arena
of free speech.
The Fantasy Factory: An Insider's View
of the Phone Sex Industry
By Amy Flowers
The Fantasy Factory explores the world of
women on the other end of the phone sex lines
advertised in magazines like Playboy and
Hustler. The author's interviews with these
women, as well as her own first-hand
experiences as an operator, reveal the complex
ways operators and callers negotiate the
shifting borders between desire and disgust,
fantasy and reality, deception and belief. Flowers discovers that operators - who
assume names like Tiffany and Corvette -
create a virtual reality in which callers can act
out fantasies that operators may find boring,
disgusting, or even frightening. She also
discovers that even those women who are
skilled at keeping their "true self" and their
phone sex persona separate find that they have
to struggle to protect that self and to maintain
the ability to experience real intimacy. The
Fantasy Factory raises provocative questions
about the manufacture of artificial intimacy and
the technological mediation of intimacy, as well
as about the social construction of sexuality
and gender.
Making Violence Sexy : Feminist Views on
Pornography
By Diana E.H. Russell (Editor)
Excellent case against violent porn -- as opposed to all porn. A fabulous glimpse
into the world of pornography. it has
testimonies from porn stars. these narratives
explain the incredible pain which they endured
in this harmful business. the statistics enclosed
will blow your mind
Against Pornography : The Evidence of
Harm
By Diana E.H. Russell
Raw Talent : The Adult Film Industry As
Seen by Its Most Famous Male Star
By Jerry Butler, Vern L. Bullough
Adult film star Jerry Butler (Paul Siederman) lifts the sheets on the adult film industry,
pulling no punches. Those seeking all the "gory details" won't be disappointed.
Pornstar
By Ian Gittler
Pornstar is a mesmerizing, definitive examination of life at the epicenter of Americas
multibillion-dollar sex entertainment industry.
When Ian Gittler began photographing porn stars, his intent -- however suspect -- was to
glamorize and legitimize their lives and work in the same way top photographers generally
portray the porn stars' mainstream Hollywood counterparts. Girder envisioned a celebrity
coffee-table book with gorgeous. enticing photography that would provoke a reevaluation
of fame in our culture.
But as the author journeyed into the surprisingly accessible "underground" world of porn,
his glossy, conceptual approach gave way to one of grim resolve. Gittler couldn't ignore
the rapidly accumulating evidence of abuse and emotional disconnect. By the time
Savannah -- the most famous XXX film star of her generation -- committed suicide, he felt
compelled to address the heartbreak and fragile humanity he was learning firsthand are at
the core of this subculture.
Porn King, The Autobiography of
John C. Holmes
By John C. Holmes, Laurie Holmes, Fred
E. Basten
This is the story of John Holmes aka "Johnny Wadd'" the man with the 13-inch personality, as told by his wife. In this autobiography, John takes you from childhood to death. Hollywood,
Pornography and the changes he saw as it grew, The Laurel Canyon Murders Case in
detail, His co-stars,Drugs, betrayel, AIDS and more. Many rare never before seen
photographs.
Dirty Talk : Diary of a Phone Sex
'Mistress'
By Gary Anthony, Rocky Bennett (Contributor),
John William Money
Who would have thought it? Over 20 years
ago, some aroused gentleman began leafing
through a nasty magazine and came across a
B/W picture of some naked nympho begging
helplessly into the camera, for some erotic
phone conversation(I bet YOU couldn't
believe she actually printed her phone # in the
ad)! Is this same gentleman still calling? You
better believe it!
He's checked into cyberporn, amateur videos,
visited strip clubs and dungeons...but nothing
can beat curling up in his favorite chair and
hearing you coo sweet-nothings into his ear
(saying his name a few times doesn't hurt
either).
Red Light : Inside the Sex Industry
By Sylvia Plachy (Photographer), James Ridgeway
Sylvia Plachy, a photographer for the Village Voice, and James Ridgeway, a reporter for
the same publication, have delved into the depths of the pornography trade to explore and
explain both its allure and its vulgarity. There is a sense of shock value in exposing the most
lurid of fantasies--a man who has his dominatrix mummify him in concrete--that is
tempered with theories as to how such an industry could have evolved. We also get to
meet for ourselves those in the trade, providing a walk on the wild side within the safe
confines of photographs and words.
A History of X : 100 Years of Sex in Film
By Luke Ford
In clinical detail,
Ford rips the scab off the underword of porn
like no other thinker dare do today and reveals
the dirt that lies at the heart of this moral stain
upon all that is human and decent in the world
of decent people who do not ignore natural
law unlike those who act in or sell or like porn.
Working Sex : An Odyssey into
Our Cultural Underworld
By Marianne Macy
Armed with intimate details, this study provides an insider's perspective on the sex
industry, opening up the lives of the people who live and work in the
industry--transsexuals, prostitutes, exotic dancers, porn actors, and others--to relate their
amazing experiences in this controversial and lucrative business.